During the Singapore Green Building Council Leadership Conversations forum, SMU Associate Professor of Humanities Winston Chow, a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Synthesis Report for the Sixth Assessment Report, noted that cities are on the frontline of the climate change battle as present and future climate risks are concentrated in urban areas. He explained how cities can mitigate climate change through building design and construction, and greater use of renewable energy and energy efficiency.