Commenting on children learning multiple languages, SMU Associate Professor of Psychology (Education) Andree Hartanto explained that when toddlers and pre-schoolers are immersed in a Mandarin-speaking environment, their brains adapt quickly due to neural plasticity, allowing them to learn languages naturally and without conscious effort. However, he noted that maintaining language proficiency requires ongoing practice. Without regular exposure, children may lose proficiency, especially in vocabulary. To help maintain their language skills, even in an English-dominant environment, he added that parents can encourage participation in Chinese cultural activities, enjoy Mandarin movies and songs, and use Mandarin in practical situations like ordering food.