According to the 2019 Global Retirement Index by Natixis Investment Managers, Singapore has come out tops among 44 countries in the area of retirement finances, but fared lower for quality of life and material well-being. SMU Dean of Students and Professor of Sociology (Practice) Paulin Straughan said that leaving gainful employment does not just mean a loss in income, it also creates a strong sense of displacement in a capitalist society and could weigh on seniors' happiness levels. She added that the Central Provident Fund – the social security system where Singaporeans set aside funds for retirement – is a reason the Republic does very well in ensuring retirement adequacy.