A 2011 sociology study on littering in Singapore led by SMU Dean of Students and Professor of Sociology (Practice) Paulin Straughan found that 62.6 per cent of all respondents said they have never littered. Only 1.2 per cent admitted to being litterbugs while the remaining 36.2 per cent were “situational binners”. Tony Teo, National Environment Agency's Director of Environmental Public Health Operations said the 2011 study is still valid today. He also agrees with the study that there is much consensus among Singaporeans on what constitutes littering. Convenience, habit and laziness were cited as reasons.